Microdiscectomy–Surgical Treatment for a Herniated Disc

If you experience chronic pain from a lumbar herniated disc or sciatica, simple activities like walking, sitting, and standing can be a challenge. When conservative treatments, such as physical therapy and medication haven’t provided relief after at least three months, you may be a good candidate for a microdiscectomy.

Results are better for patients who do not wait much longer than three months after diagnosis to undergo microdiscectomy, so it’s important to discuss whether microdiscectomy surgery is right for you with a board-certified and fellowship trained spine surgeon at Hoag Orthopedic Institute.

What is Microdiscectomy?

Also known as microcompression, microdiscectomy surgery removes the herniated disc material pressing on your nerves and causing sciatic pain. This minimally invasive surgical procedure relieves sciatica pain, but is not designed to directly address lower back pain.

What is a Herniated Disc?

A herniated disc is commonly referred to as a ruptured, slipped, or bulging disc. This condition occurs when one of the discs in your spine, which cushions the vertebrae, is damaged.

The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae, each of which is separated by discs. These rubbery discs cushion the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers. Intervertebral discs consist of the annulus, a hard outer shell, and the nucleus, a gel-like interior. If the annulus tears or ruptures, the jelly-like substance may press on the nerve root or spinal cord, resulting in often considerable pain.

Herniated discs most commonly occur in the lumbar spine (lower back), particularly between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, or between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra.

While anyone can develop a herniated disc, aging reduces the flexibility of the disc, increasing the risk of rupture. Other common causes of a herniated disc include:

Heavy lifting
Participating in strenuous activities without adequate fitness
Trauma or injury
Genetic predisposition to disc issues

Who Needs Surgery for a Herniated Disc?

The majority of herniated disc cases will resolve within a few weeks without the need for surgery. However, some patients will require back surgery for a herniated disc. Spinal conditions that may require surgery for a herniated disc include:

Cauda Equina Syndrome: The cauda equina, named for its resemblance to a horse’s tail, is a collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord. These nerve roots provide motor and sensory function to the bladder, pelvic organs, and lower legs. Although rare, CES is a medical emergency as it may cause urinary retention or bladder or bowel incontinence.
Sciatica: This painful condition, also known as radiculopathy, occurs when herniated disc material presses on the sciatic nerve in the lumbar spine, causing inflammation and irritation. Sciatica typically causes pain that radiates from the lower back down through the buttock, thigh, and calf. The pain can range from a dull ache to sharp, shooting sensations, and sometimes is accompanied by numbness or tingling. Sciatica usually affects one leg or one side of the body.

Not every herniated disc patient is a candidate for microdiscectomy. Some people may require open back surgery, which increases recovery time significantly.

Herniated Disc Medical Procedure: What to Expect

Before your procedure, tell your doctor about any medications or supplements you take, whether prescribed or over-the-counter. Your doctor may instruct you to stop taking certain drugs, such as aspirin, or supplements like fish oil, in the days before your microdiscectomy surgery, as these can thin the blood and increase the risk of complications.

The microdiscectomy procedure itself typically takes about an hour. Since the surgery is performed under general anesthesia, make sure you arrange for someone to drive you home afterward.

Once you’re under anesthesia, the surgeon will start by making a small incision in the affected area. Muscles are gently moved to view the vertebrae. Using magnification tools and guided by a monitor, the surgeon removes the herniated portion of the disc that is pressing on the nerve or spinal cord, leaving the remainder of the disc intact. In some cases, small pieces of bone protecting the nerve root may also be removed to provide further relief.

Microdiscectomy Recovery and Rehabilitation

While the microdiscectomy surgery is performed under general anesthesia, typically in an outpatient setting or a surgery center, where patients can usually go home the same day. You must arrange to have someone drive you home. While microdiscectomy is usually an outpatient procedure, plan ahead and arrange to have someone help you with basic chores at home during the earliest part of microdiscectomy recovery. Make sure to keep the incision site clean and dry while recuperating.

Expect some pain and fatigue in the days immediately following microdiscectomy surgery. It normally takes about six weeks to recover completely from a microdiscectomy. Patients undergo physical therapy and receive exercises for muscle strengthening around the spine. Always follow your surgeon’s instructions, as they are based on your individual needs.

Your doctor may advise against driving for a week or two. Patients with primarily sedentary jobs can usually return to work within a couple of weeks. Those whose employment includes heavy lifting or other substantial physical activity will have to wait longer, usually a full six weeks after complete recovery. Even if you are feeling fine, it is crucial to proper microdiscectomy recovery that you do not overexert yourself until you are fully healed.

Even while recovering from the microdiscectomy, you should remain free from sciatic leg pain or back pain resulting from a herniated disc. However, if numbness was an issue before your surgery, it may take a few weeks or months to fully resolve, as the nerve root must completely heal before the numbness subsides.

Find a Spine Doctor

Why Choose Hoag Orthopedic Institute for Microdiscectomy Surgery

Back pain from a herniated disc controls your life. Microdiscectomy surgery helps you regain mobility and return to the activities you enjoy. At Hoag Orthopedic Institute, our board-certified surgeons offer personalized spine treatment plans to meet your unique needs. Ranked 29th nationally by U.S. News & World Report for orthopedics, and recognized “High Performing” for back surgery, HOI is committed to delivering exceptional care for your spine health.

Schedule a consultation today by calling 949-8900-HOI.
We Get You Back To You.®

Frequently Asked Questions

Your first visit to Hoag Orthopedic Institute is a chance for you and your spine specialist to get a complete picture of your current back health and goals for recovery. You’ll meet with a board-certified, fellowship-trained back doctor who will listen to your concerns, review any prior imaging or test results, and ask detailed questions about your symptoms and lifestyle. A detailed physical exam may follow to assess your range of motion, strength, and nerve function.
Your back specialist may recommend advanced imaging or additional diagnostic tests available onsite. Together, you’ll discuss what’s causing your pain or mobility limitations and review both non-surgical and surgical treatment options. You’ll leave with a clear and personalized plan designed for your specific needs—and a team ready to support you through each step of your care.
You can connect with one of our qualified spine specialists to review your symptoms, discuss any existing test results, and explore your back treatment options. To schedule your appointment, simply call our scheduling team at (949) 890-0464 or complete the secure request form on our website.
We’ll connect you with the right back doctor for your needs and can help arrange imaging or records before your visit. From the start, you’ll have access to advanced diagnostics and the latest treatments—including the latest techniques for minimally invasive procedures—tailored to your condition and goals.
At Hoag Orthopedic Institute, our highly qualified physical therapists, back doctors, and spine surgeons work together to treat a broad range of spine conditions. These include addressing herniated discs, relieving spinal stenosis, and managing degenerative disc disease and scoliosis. Conservative treatments often include targeted physical therapy, image-guided injections to relieve nerve pain, or medications to reduce inflammation.
When surgery is your most effective option, our spine specialists perform procedures including spinal decompression to free compressed nerves, spinal fusion to stabilize the spine, and disc replacement to maintain mobility. Many operations are performed using minimally invasive or robotic-assisted techniques, which combine advanced imaging with precise instrument control to protect surrounding tissues and support a smoother recovery. Our back specialists devise a custom spine plan for each patient, designed to relieve pain, restore function, and help them return to active, pain-free living.
Hoag Orthopedic Institute offers expert care from fellowship-trained, board-certified orthopedic spine surgeons, back doctors, and spine specialists who are leaders in their field. Our team also utilizes advanced techniques such as robotic-assisted spine surgery—providing greater surgical planning, accuracy, steadier instrument control, and less disruption to healthy structures for a smoother recovery.
Exceptional technology and an excellent surgical outcome form just part of your experience with our specialized back care. Your orthopedic spine doctor will focus on your total well-being, creating a personalized treatment plan—surgical or non-surgical—to help you move without pain and regain function. From diagnosis through recovery, we’re committed to getting you back to the lifestyle you love, free from the limitations of back pain or dysfunction.

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