Rotator Cuff Repair

Understanding the Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery Procedure

Rotator cuff surgery reattaches a torn tendon in the shoulder to relieve pain and restore strength, mobility, and function. The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, often with a nerve block to reduce post-operative pain. Most rotator cuff repairs are done arthroscopically using small incisions, a tiny camera, and specialized instruments, though larger or more complex tears may require open surgery.

To understand how rotator cuff surgery works, it helps to first understand the rotator cuff itself. The rotator cuff is the group of muscles and tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint while enabling a wide range of motion. Two fluid-filled sac-like structures called bursae permit smooth gliding and decrease friction between bones, muscles, and tendons. The bursae cushion and protect the rotator cuff.

Rotator cuff tendons can become inflamed and eventually tear due to overuse, aging, or a fall on an outstretched hand. When the rotator cuff tears and conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgery can reattach the tendon and restore shoulder function.

During rotator cuff surgery, the surgeon inserts a small camera (arthroscope) into the shoulder joint to assess the damage. This minimally invasive technique allows the surgeon to visualize the torn tendon, remove damaged tissue, and reattach the tendon to the bone. Damaged or frayed tissue is removed, and the torn tendon is reattached to the bone using sutures and small anchors that hold it in place while it heals.

Rotator cuff repair typically takes one to two hours and is often done on an outpatient basis, allowing the patient to return home the same day.

The exact surgical approach your surgeon takes to your rotator cuff repair may vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tear. In some cases, the torn area is trimmed (debrided); in others, it is sutured back together or reattached to bone. Some procedures use advanced technologies, such as orthobiologic tissue implants that promote the growth of new tissue in the body.

What Does Recovery From Rotator Cuff Repair Look Like?

Following rotator cuff surgery, your arm will be immobilized in a sling for four to six weeks to allow the repair to heal. Dedication to your physical therapy regimen is essential to regain your shoulder strength and range of motion. Your orthopedic physical therapist will devise a custom program starting with passive motion that will advance to active and resistive exercises.

You can shower within 48-72 hours of the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. You will likely need assistance dressing for the first few weeks and will be able to resume activities gradually. You should be driving again within six to 12 weeks. Complete recovery may take several months to a year.